Green Times

A two-week conference aimed at ensuring the survival of diverse species around the world in the face of climate change and pollution opened on Monday with delegates from more than 190 nations.”In my view, climate change and the loss of biodiversity are the most alarming challenges on the global agenda,” German Environment Minister Sigmar Gabriel said in his opening speech.

The ninth conference of the U.N. Convention on Biological Diversity, held in Bonn, has brought together some 4,000 delegates from 191 countries committed to trying to promote fair use of the world’s natural resources and protect endangered plants and animals.

Officials will review the goals set in 2002 at the U.N. Earth Summit, which called for slowing the loss of biological diversity by 2010 - a target critics say is far out of reach, given a growing human population, rising levels of pollution and climate change.

Organizers also hope the conference will help find ways to ease the rapid rise in food costs, which has sparked violent protests in Haiti and Egypt. There is concern that unrest could take place elsewhere amid profiteering and hoarding.

Food prices have been driven to record highs recently by a variety of factors, among them a spike in the cost of petroleum products, including those used in fertilizers and processing.

There also has been an increase in the price of grain, which is used to produce biofuels and fed to livestock to satisfy a growing demand for meat in developing countries. The price of rice has more than tripled since January.

To counter that, Ahmed Djoghlaf, the executive secretary of the Convention on Biological Diversity, said the need to maintain and promote diversity was tantamount.

“Conservation of biodiversity is not about keeping one species away from another. It is not about building fences around national parks and keeping humans out. It is about interaction between all species and their natural ecosystem,” he told the meeting.

“About two-thirds of the food crops that feed the world rely on pollination by insects or other animals to produce healthy fruits and seeds. Included among these are potato crops,” he said, singling out a drop in bee populations worldwide as an example of how one link in the chain can affect the other.

“Here in Germany, there has been a 25 percent drop in bee populations across the country. In the eastern United States, there has been a 70 percent decline in bee stocks,” Djoghlaf said. “If pollinators disappear, so too will many species of plants. If we take away one link, the chain is broken.”

To further emphasize that threat, the International Union for Conservation of Nature said that long-term drought and extreme weather also were hurting the world’s bird species, with one in eight of birds at risk of extinctions.

Its 2008 Red List said that 1,226 species of birds were now threatened, including the Mallee Emuwren in Australia and the Floreana Mockingbird in the Galabpogs Islands. Also facing a dire future was the Ne Britain Goshawk because of deforestation in New Guineau.

“This latest update of the IUCN Red List shows that birds are under enormous pressure from climate change,” said Jane Smart, head of the IUCN’s species program.

The conference will run through May 30.
Source: International Herald Tribune